| 摘要: |
| 海洋渔业是海洋经济发展的支柱产业，保护与利用涉海水产种质资源为海洋渔业经济与遗传资源的发展提供了坚实基础，是实现种业振兴的关键要素。文章梳理国内外涉海水产种质资源保护研究重点，整理涉海水产种质资源保护相关法律体系，指出我国现存涉海水产种质资源保护存在的法律问题，包括涉海水产种质资源保护领域缺少专门立法；执法主体、执法处罚罚款与处罚依据不一致；保护区内政府决策问责立法缺失；保护区内缺乏海洋灾害应急处置法律指引等。针对现状与不足，提出应出台一部系统的保护涉海水产种质资源的法律。同时明确执法主体与执法标准体系，提高法律的权威性；建立保护区内政府决策问责法律制度；并设立涉海水产种质资源保护区海洋灾害应急处置法律制度等建议，以期为相关部门提供理论参考。 |
| 关键词: 水产种质资源保护 涉海类 法律问题 海洋资源 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2025.03.003 |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-30修订日期：2025-01-30 |
| 基金项目:辽宁省教育厅2023年度高等学校基本科研项目“辽宁填海造地区域生态危机管控研究”(JYTMS20230511). |
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| Review of Legal Issues on the Protection of Marine Aquatic Germplasm Resources in China |
| XU Fuyuan,ZHOU Lianyi,LIU Huixu |
| School of Marine Law and Humanities of Dalian Ocean University |
| Abstract: |
| Marine fishery is a pillar industry for the development of marine economy. The protection and utilization of aquatic germplasm resources provides a solid economic foundation for the development of marine fishery economy and genetic resources, and is a key element in realizing the revitalization of the seed industry. The article summarizes the research focus on the protection of marine aquatic germplasm resources at home and abroad, and sorts out the relevant legal system for the protection of marine aquatic germplasm resources. It points out the existing legal problems in the protection of marine germplasm resources in China, lack of specialized legislation in the protection of marine aquatic germplasm resources; Inconsistent enforcement subject, enforcement penalty fines, and penalty basis; lack of decision-making and legislation in protected area governments; lack of legal guidance to increase emissions due to marine disaster accidents in protected areas, etc. In response to the current situation and shortcomings, it is proposed to establish a systematic legal protection system for marine aquatic germplasm resources， while clarifying the law enforcement subject and standard system, and enhancing the authority of the law;establish a legal system for the government decision-making system in protected areas; and set up laws involving marine disaster accident discharges in protected areas system and other suggestions, with a view to providing theoretical reference for relevant departments. |
| Key words: Aquatic germplasm resources protection,Marine related species,Legal issues,Ocean resources |
