| 摘要: |
| 文章对舟山市普陀区蚂蚁岛多锚张纲张网的渔具结构、装配技术、经济效益、存在问题等进行调查，得出以下结论：（1）多锚张纲张网是近两年新兴的捕捞作业方式，该渔具在传统多锚单片张网基础上进行结构改良，采用浮沉子替代桁杆实现网口垂直扩张，通过多个铁锚固定网衣的水平方向，每片网衣安装4个网囊，故属于多锚张纲张网；（2）该网具的主捕对象为哈氏仿对虾（Para penaeopsis hardwickii）、口虾蛄（Oratosquilla oratoria）、棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys lucidus）、凤鲚（Coilia mystus）、龙头鱼（Harpodon nehereus）、三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）等；（3）该网具作业方式具有操作简便、渔获物鲜度高、离岸近等特点，一般2～3天返回一次，使渔民兼顾经济效益和家庭生活，属于家庭和睦型渔具；（4）该网具主要利用水流迫使捕捞对象进入网内，对海底环境不会造成影响，属于环境友好型渔具；（5）该网具作业过程中存在对大型经济鱼类幼鱼兼捕问题，可能对渔业资源可持续利用造成一定影响，因此建议将网囊网目尺寸增大至35 mm,以减少大型经济鱼类幼鱼兼捕，促进渔业可持续发展。 |
| 关键词: 渔具渔法 多锚张纲张网 普陀区蚂蚁岛 家庭友好型 最适网目尺寸 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2025.07.005 |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-08修订日期：2025-06-10 |
| 基金项目:台州市渔船安全救助信息中心编印渔业船舶应急知识手册项目（21038009317）. |
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| Investigation and Analysis of Fishing Gear and Method of Multi-Anchor Roped Stow Net on Ant Island, Putuo District, Zhoushan |
| GUAN Dongling,ZHENG Ji,WU Qianli,ZHA Bingnan,ZHANG Shuai,CHEN Huiling,WANG Linlin |
| Fisheries College,Zhejiang Ocean University ;Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Equipment Technology Research |
| Abstract: |
| This study investigates the structure, assembly, economic benefits and associated challenges of the multi-anchor roped stow net utilized around Ant Island, in the Putuo District, Zhoushan. The following conclusions were drawn: （1） The Multi-anchor roped stow net, an improvement on the traditional single-piece stow net, utilizes floating sinkers for vertical expansion and multiple anchors for horizontal stability, with four cod-ends in each panel. This structural innovation classifies it as a multi-anchor roped stow net. （2） The primary, species caught includes Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, Oratosquilla oratoria, Collichthys lucidus Coilia mystus, Harpodon nehereus, and Portunus trituberculatus. （3） The fishing gear and method is distinguished by its operational simplicity, high catch freshness due to proximity to shore, and compatibility with family-oriented fishing practices, allowing fishers to balance economic returns with familial responsibilities by returning every 2~3 days. （4） The fishing gear primarily relies on water currents to guide fish into the net, minimizing disturbance to the seabed and thereby promoting environmental sustainability. （5） Nonetheless, incidental capture of juvenile fish of commercially valuable species presents a potential challenge to resource sustainability. To mitigate this, it is recommended to increase the cod-end mesh size to 35mm, reducing bycatch of juvenile fish and supporting long-term sustainable fishery management. This study offers insights for optimizing fishing gear design to enhance economic efficiency while promoting environmental stewardship in coastal fisheries. |
| Key words: Fishing gear and methods, Multi-anchor roped stow net, Ant Island, Putuo district, Family friendly, Optimum mesh size |
