| 摘要: |
| 潮滩是海陆系统中交互极为活跃和复杂的地带，其所独有的自然特性及多元的利用价值使其成为人类活动最为频繁的区域之一。文章以临港新片区南岸潮滩为研究对象，综合运用GIS遥感技术，基于多源遥感影像提取研究信息，剖析其内在规律，为潮滩今后的发育演变趋势提供一定的理论基础，也为该区域的国土资源保护及海洋防灾减灾等问题提供科学指导。研究结果表明：（1）潮滩在 2015—2016年局部冲淤演变剧烈，此后高、低潮滩形态分离，高滩向西输移，低滩外沿扩张后小幅收缩； 潮滩0 m潮高以下部分随季度变化波动淤积，方向先沿岸右落淤，再向海不同程度扩宽；潮上带及其以上区域沿岸堆淤，高程抬升。（2）潮滩中部靠岸区域自2018年以来持续淤积堆高，低潮位潮滩在2017年前不断淤积，在2017年后小幅冲刷。低潮区潮滩面积总体经历衰减、骤升、再衰减的过程；高潮区潮滩面积自2014年年底开始震荡下行，但整体幅度较缓，在时间序列上大致呈线性相关。（3）潮间带剖面在年均与季度变化上基本具有一致性，总体处于淤积状态，沿岸自东向西淤积程度不断降低，东侧剖面存在平坡带，其靠岸端存在拐点，拐点以上部分垂向淤积，横向向岸冲刷；拐点以下部分总体淤积并导致滩面坡度逐年变缓。文章在一定程度上丰富了潮滩监测领域的研究内容和方法，也为上海临港新片区国土资源保护、近海资源利用、海洋防灾减灾等实际问题提供一定的科学指导。 |
| 关键词: 潮滩 潮间带 监测 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2025.07.008 |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-10修订日期：2025-06-08 |
| 基金项目: |
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| A Study on the Long-Term Evolution of the Tidal Flat in the Lingang Special Area Utilizing Multi-Source Remote Sensing Techniques |
| WANG Yuefeng |
| Shanghai Marine Monitoring and Forecasting Center |
| Abstract: |
| Intertidal zones represent highly dynamic and complex regions within coastal systems. Their unique natural characteristics and diverse utility make them one of the most frequently impacted areas by human activities. This study focuses on the intertidal zone along the southern shore of the Lingang Special Area, employing Geographic Information System (GIS) remote sensing technology to extract research information from multiple sources of remote sensing imagery. This analysis aims to elucidate the underlying patterns of the intertidal zone, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding its future developmental trends and offering scientific guidance for land resource protection and disaster risk reduction in marine environments within the region.
The research findings indicate the following: （1） Between 2015 and 2016, the intertidal zone experienced significant localized erosion and deposition. Subsequently, the morphology of the high and low tidal zones became distinct, with the high tide zone shifting westward and the seaward edge of the low tide zone expanding slightly before contracting. The area below 0 meters tidal height exhibited fluctuations in sedimentation that varied seasonally, initially accumulating along the right side of the coast and then widening to varying degrees seaward. The upper intertidal zone and areas above experienced sediment accumulation, resulting in elevation increases. （2） Since 2018, the nearshore region of the intertidal zone has been continuously accumulating sediment, while the low tide zone underwent consistent sedimentation until 2017, followed by slight erosion thereafter. The overall area of the low tide zone has experienced phases of decline, sharp increase, and subsequent decline. In contrast, the area of the high tide zone has shown a downward trend since late 2014, albeit at a relatively moderate rate, displaying a roughly linear correlation over time. （3） The profile of the intertidal zone exhibits consistency in annual and seasonal variations, remaining predominantly in a state of sediment accumulation. The degree of accumulation decreases from east to west along the coast, with a gently sloping area present on the eastern profile, characterized by a turning point at the shoreward end. Above this turning point, vertical accumulation occurs, while lateral erosion takes place towards the shore. Below the turning point, overall sediment accumulation has been observed, leading to a gradual reduction in the slope of the intertidal surface over the years.This study contributes to the body of knowledge in the field of intertidal zone monitoring and provides scientific guidance for practical issues related to land resource protection, offshore resource utilization, and marine disaster risk reduction in the Lingang Special Area. |
| Key words: Tidal flats, Intertidal zone, Monitoring |
