| 摘要: |
| 汕尾港是国家重要口岸，查明该海区沉积物的污染状况和潜在环境风险对环境管理具有重要意义。本文基于2021年8月—2022年4月夏、秋、春季对汕尾田尾山海域表层沉积物环境质量三期调查结果，应用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法分别评估沉积物中重金属的污染状况及生态风险，通过相关性分析初步探究污染来源。结果表明，研究对象沉积物环境质量符合第一类标准，铜、铅、锌、镉、石油类、硫化物和有机碳的含量分别为1.24~14.50 μg/g、10.50~36.00 μg/g、13.10~81.80 μg/g、ND~0.04 μg/g、2.80×10-6~188.0×10-6、0.29×10-6~187.0×10-6和0%~1.31%；重金属随夏、秋、春季节变化明显，铜、铅、锌、镉的平均值依次分别为13.98、12.73和9.08 μg/g，33.30、33.93和25.43 μg/g，14.62、73.27和57.32 μg/g，0.04、0.03和0.01 μg/g。铜、铅、锌、镉的地累积指数均小于0，表明沉积物重金属污染程度低。各重金属的潜在生态风险指数均小于30，由高到低依次为：铅、铜、镉、锌；综合潜在生态风险指数远低于50，潜在生态风险较低且随时间推移有所降低。综合分析评价表明，铅是研究海区的主要污染元素和生态风险因子；硫化物和有机碳是影响重金属富集迁移转化的主要因素；研究海区受工农业污染、航运等多源污染的复合影响。 |
| 关键词: 重金属 沉积物 生态风险 相关性 汕尾海域 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2025.07.011 |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-18修订日期：2025-06-23 |
| 基金项目:联合国环境规划署/全球环境基金“实施南中国海和泰国湾战略行动计划”(S1-32GFL-000631,SB-009056). |
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| Characteristics and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Tianweishan Sea Area in Shanwei |
| XING Yu,YANG Yuting,LIAO Yan |
| South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment,
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control ; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University |
| Abstract: |
| Shanwei Port is a national important port,and it is of great significance for environmental management to find out the pollution status and potential environmental risks of sediments in the sea area.Based on the survey results of three phases of surficial sediment environmental quality in Tianweishan sea area of Shanwei from August 2021 to April 2022 in summer,autumn and spring,this paper applies the Geoaccumulation Index(Igeo) method and the potential ecological risk index(RI) method to assess the pollution status and ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments,respectively,and the source of pollutants was explored by correlation analysis.The results show that the sediment in this area met the first type standard of China Marine Sediment Quality,and the overall concentration of the sediment samples were cuprum(Cu,1.24~14.5 μg/g),plumbum(Pb, 10.5~36 μg/g),zinc(Zn,13.1~81.8 μg/g),cadmium(Cd,ND~0.04 μg/g),petroleum pollutants(2.8×10-6~188×10-6),sulfide(0.294×10-6~187×10-6)and total organic carbon(TOC, 0%~1.31%).Heavy metals varied significantly with the seasons,and the average values of Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd were 13.98,12.73 and 9.08 μg/g,33.30,33.93 and 25.43 μg/g,14.62,73.27 and 57.32 μg/g,0.04,0.03 and 0.01 μg/g,respectively.Igeo of Cu,Pb,Zn,and Cd was less than 0,and the degree of sediment heavy metal pollution is low.RI of all kinds of heavy metals was less than 30,showing a trend of Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn.RI is much less than 50,which indicated the potential ecological risk was low and has decreased over time.Comprehensive analysis and evaluation showed that Pb is the main pollution element and ecological risk factor in the study area.Sulfide and TOC were the main factors affecting the accumulation,migration and transformation of heavy metals.The study area was affected by multiple pollution sources such as industrial and agricultural pollution and shipping pollution. |
| Key words: Keywords: Heavy metals, Sediment, Ecological risk, Correlation, Shanwei sea area |
