| 摘要: |
| 海洋类国家公园是生态文明建设的重要载体。美国作为全球海洋类国家公园的先行者，其 管理体制经验对中国构建以海洋类国家公园为主体的海洋自然保护地体系具有重要的参考价值。 文章系统梳理美国七大海洋类国家公园在制度供给、资金运营、环境监管和科研合作四个方面的 经验，总结美国海洋类国家公园体制建设的优缺点。其后，结合当前中国海洋类国家公园体制建 设情况，提出建议：中国应加快构建层级协调的海洋保护相关法律体系，创新“因园制宜”的多 元融资机制，完善立体化海洋类国家公园环境监管制度，搭建国家级海洋生态保护科研信息平 台，以推动海洋类国家公园高质量发展。 |
| 关键词: 海洋类国家公园 管理体制 美国 经验借鉴 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2025.10.003 |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-01修订日期：2025-08-16 |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“气候变化背景下‘区域’矿产资源开发制度发展区域与中国对策研究”（24YJCGJW005）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项“《联合国海洋法公约》视角下国际海底区域制度与《BBNJ 协定》的适用问题研究”（202561094）. |
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| Experience of the Construction and Management System of Marine National Parks in the United States and I ts Implications for China |
| QI Xuewei,ZHOU Wencui |
| Law School of Ocean University of China |
| Abstract: |
| Marine national parks serve as important carriers for ecological civilization construction．As a forerunner in global marine national parks，the management system experience of the United States holds significant reference value for China to establish a marine nature reserve system with marine national parks as the main body．This paper systematically combs the experiences of seven marine national parks in the United States in four aspects：institutional supply，fund operation，environmental supervision，and scientific research cooperation，summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the institutional construction of U.S．marine national parks，and combines the current situation of institutional construction of marine national parks in China to put forward suggestions：China should accelerate the construction of a hierarchically coordinated legal system for marine protection，innovate a diversified financing mechanism of“tailoring measures to the park”，improve the three-dimensional environmental supervision system for marine parks，and build a national scientific research information platform for marine ecological protection，so as to promote the high-quality development of marine national parks. |
| Key words: Marine national parks,Management system,U.S.A,Experience reference |
