| 摘要: |
| 为完善我国海洋生态保护制度，进一步提高基于生态系统的海洋综合管理水平，文章以海洋生态补偿为研究对象，系统梳理相关法律体系，并设计制度框架，具有创新性。研究结果表明：我国宪法、法律法规和政策规划确立海洋生态补偿的理论基础和实践方向；海洋生态补偿的制度框架包括动态监测、建模分析、圆桌会议和跟踪落实4个部分，分别承担建立海洋生态系统服务数据库，评估海洋生态系统服务价值，确定海洋生态补偿的主体、对象和标准以及评估海洋生态补偿效果4项任务；科学、全面和量化的海洋生态系统服务价值评估是关键，根据“服务-投入-福祉”模型，核算参考状态和现实状态的海洋生态系统服务价值、海洋生态福祉和投入资本的变化量，通过利益相关者的协商和博弈，确定海洋生态补偿标准；我国应加快海洋生态补偿的立法，加强对海洋生态系统的监测、评估和研究，推进海域之间、海洋与流域之间以及海洋保护区的横向补偿。 |
| 关键词: 生态补偿 海洋生态系统 利益相关者 生态福祉 生态价值 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家海洋局业务支持项目“自然资源有偿出让制度研究”（2017-Z-05）. |
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| China′s Marine Ecological Compensation Legal System and Institutional Framework |
| ZHANG Guangshuai,ZHAO Quanmin,TANG Chen |
| National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center;Key Laboratory of Sea Field Management Technology，SOA |
| Abstract: |
| In order to perfect the marine ecological conservation regime and improve the integrated marine management level based on the ecosystem adaptation,this paper first analyzed the related laws,regulations and policies of marine ecological compensation,then designed the institutional frame work creatively.Results showed that the constitution,related laws and policy had established the theoretical basis and practice direction for marine ecological compensation.The institutional frame work of marine ecological compensation included dynamic monitoring,modeling and analysis,round table meeting,and implementation of tracking,to undertake the task of setting the marine ecosystem services database,evaluating the marine ecosystem service value,defining the subjectobject relationship and standard for marine ecological compensation and assessing the effect of compensation respectively.The “serviceinputwellbeing” model was put forward to account the marine ecological system services in the practical and reference states.And the standard for marine ecological compensation should be defined by the negotiation and game of the stakeholders.Overall,the legislative action for marine ecological compensation should be accelerated,the monitoring and evaluation of marine ecosystem should be enhanced,and the compensation between different sea areas and between sea areas and drainage basin should be promoted.Marine ecological compensation for natural reserves was also emphasized to provide guarantee for effective marine ecological conservation. |
| Key words: Ecological compensation,Marine ecosystem,Stakeholders,Ecological wellbeing,Ecological value |
