| 摘要: |
| 库克群岛以“小陆域大海洋”的独特地缘禀赋，在全球绿色低碳转型背景下，将 70 亿 t 多金属结核视为实现经济跨越式发展的战略资产。库克群岛在深海矿产资源开发治理中构建了“立 法—技术—生态”三维框架。通过持续的立法创新，实现了从宣示主权到生态优先、从静态管控 到动态治理的演进，并将国际法原则细化为国内可操作的技术标准，实现由规则接受者到制定者 的身份转换。在技术层面，库克群岛通过“勘探期权制”和“技术换权益”的公私合作模式，吸 引国际企业，实现了深海勘探技术的快速跃升。在生态层面，通过建立严格的环境评估体系、划 定永久禁采区、部署 AI 实时监测网络，确保了开发的透明性与生态安全。库克群岛的实践为小岛国参与全球海洋治理提供了“小国大治”的范本，其通过制度创新，在平衡资源开发与环境保 护方面贡献了独特的“库克方案”。 |
| 关键词: 库克群岛 深海采矿 立法创新 技术换权益 生态红线 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2025.11.002 |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-20修订日期：2025-11-26 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金战略研究类项目（42342028）． |
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| The Three-Dimensional“Legislation-Technology-Ecology” Framework of Deep-Sea Mining Governance in the Cook Islands |
| LIU Feng |
| China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association |
| Abstract: |
| With its unique geo-endowment of“small landmass，vast ocean，”the Cook Islands views its 7 billion tons of polymetallic nodules as strategic assets for economic transformation amid the global low-carbon transition． In governing deep-sea mineral resource development，the Cook Islands has established a three-dimensional “legislation-technology-ecology”framework．Through continuous legislative innovation，it has advanced from asserting sovereignty to prioritizing ecology，and from static regulation to dynamic governance，refining principles of international law into operable domestic technical standards，thus transitioning from a rule-taker to a rule-maker．Technologically，via public-private partnerships such as the“exploration option system”and “technology-for-rights”models，the Cook Islands has attracted international enterprises and achieved rapid advancements in deep-sea exploration capabilities．Ecologically，by establishing a rigorous environmental assessment system，designating permanent no-mining zones，and deploying AI-based real-time monitoring networks，it has ensured transparency and ecological security in resource development．The practice of the Cook Islands offers a model of“small state，sophisticated governance”for small island states participating in global ocean governance．Through institutional innovation，it contributes a unique“Cook Islands Solution”to balancing resource development and environmental protection. |
| Key words: Cook Islands,Deep-sea mining,Legislative innovation,Technology-for-rights,Ecological redline |
