| 摘要: |
| 文章基于高精度无人机与无人艇一体化地形测量与遥感解译手段，对长江口自然发育沙 洲— 东风东沙岛的地形冲淤变化与原生植被演替规律进行了系统分析。研究利用 2020 年现场调查获取的水上、水下一体化地形数据、正射影像及植被样方数据，结合高程校正与监督分类方 法， 提取了植被空间分布并构建了冠层高度模型， 系统量化了不同群落的结构特征与空间格局。结果表明，东风东沙岛整体持续向东南淤涨偏移，面积显著扩大；共记录湿地植被 3 科 5 属 5 种， 以菰为主要群落，芦苇、菰、水葱等呈明显高程梯度分带，自水边至陆地依次为水葱、菰、芦 苇，与平均海平面和潮沟发育密切耦合。植被演替序列体现典型原生湿地带性特征，未受互花米 草入侵干扰，菰作为关键过渡类群的作用尤为突出。该研究为理解自然状态下长江口沙洲植被— 地形协同演替机制提供了重要案例，也为区域湿地保护与生态修复提供了科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 地形 植被 分布规律 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2025.11.004 |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-18修订日期：2025-09-22 |
| 基金项目:自然资源调查监测司 2020 年海域海岛专项调查试点任务“典型区域岸线和湿地调查与监测— 长江口滨海湿地调查”． |
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| Study on the Correlation Between Geomorphological Variations and Vegetation Succession in Dongfeng Dongsha， Yangtze Estuary |
| DENG Yanfen |
| East China Sea Survey Center，MNR |
| Abstract: |
| This study conducted a systematic analysis of the topographic evolution and natural vegetation succession of Dongfeng Dongsha Island，a naturally developed shoal in the Yangtze River Estuary，using integrated high- precision unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV）and unmanned surface vessel（USV）topographic surveys coupled with remote sensing interpretation．Based on field survey data collected in 2020-including integrated above- and below-water topographic data，orthophoto imagery，and vegetation quadrat samples-we employed elevation correction and supervised classification methods to extract vegetation spatial distribution and construct a canopy height model，thereby systematically quantifying the structural characteristics and spatial patterns of different plant communities．The results indicate that Dongfeng Dongsha Island has continuously prograded southeastward with significant areal expansion．A total of 5 wetland plant species belonging to 5 genera and 3 families were recorded，with Zizania latifolia being the dominant community．Vegetation including Phragmites australis and Scirpus validus exhibited clear elevation zonation，showing a sequential distribution from waterward to landward：S．validus → Z．latifolia → P．australis，which was closely correlated with mean sea level and tidal creek development．The vegetation succession sequence reflects typical natural wetland zonation characteristics without the invasion by Spartina alterniflora，highlighting the critical transitional role of Z．latifolia． This study provides an important case for understanding the synergistic mechanism between vegetation and topography in natural estuarine shoals and offers a scientific basis for regional wetland conservation and ecological restoration. |
| Key words: Topography,Vegetation,Distribution pattern |
