| 摘要: |
| 文章基于 2023—2024 年春季和秋季对南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区开展的渔业资源定点底拖网调查数据，分析该海域鱼类的种类组成、优势种、生物多样性等群落结构特征。结果表明：（1）2023—2024 年春季和秋季在调查海域共鉴定出 49 种鱼类，隶属于 14 目 28 科 40 属，其中，春季种类数为 35 种，秋季种类数也为 35 种，以鲈形目（Perciformes）为最多，鲱形目（Clupeiformes） 次之；（2）春季优势种有黄鲫（Setipinna tenuifilis）、拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼（Odontamblyopus lacepedii）、棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys lucidus ），秋季优势种只有一种，即龙头鱼（ Harpadon nehereus ）；（3）Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数（H'）、Pielou 均匀度指数（J'）、Margalef 丰富度指数（D）的平均值春季分别为 2.33、0.75 和 2.18，秋季分别为 1.69、0.57 和 1.76；（4）根据非度量多维标度排序（NMDS）和等级聚类（CLUSTER）分析，可将春季在 40％的相似水平上分为 3 个群落，秋季在30％的相似水平上分为 3 个群落，且春季群落相似性高于秋季；（5）丰度 / 生物量（ABC 曲线）表明，秋季鱼类种群受干扰程度高于春季。研究发现，南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区的鱼类以暖温 性和暖水性种类为主；优势种季节更替明显；生物多样性存在季节性和区域性差异，即春季多样性优于秋季，且具有随着水深增加生物多样性指数逐渐升高的趋势。 |
| 关键词: 鱼类 生物多样性 群落结构 南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2026.03.004 |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-14修订日期：2026-02-20 |
| 基金项目:南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区东侧海域春秋季渔业资源调查项目（21038003118）；浙江省海洋装备技术研究重点实验室开放基金． |
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| Study on the Characteristics of Fish Community Structure of the Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve |
| GUAN Dongling,ZHENG Ji,SONG Weihua,ZHANG Shuai,WANG Lixun,DANG Luyao |
| Zhejiang Ocean University;Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Equipment Technology Research |
| Abstract: |
| This study analyzed the community structure, including species composition, dominant species, and biodiversity, in the Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve, using data from fixed-point bottom trawl surveys conducted in 2023–2024．The results showed that：（1）A total of 49 fish species belonging to 14 orders，28 families，and 40 genera were identified in the surveyed area during spring and autumn．Among these，35 species were recorded in spring and 35 in autumn with the order Perciformes accounting for the highest number of species followed by Clupeiformes．（2）The dominant species in spring were Setipinna tenuifilis，Odontamblyopus lacepedii，and Collichthys lucidus,while Harpadon nehereus was the only dominant species in autumn．（3）The average values of the Shannon-Wiener index（H’），PieLou index（J’）and Margalef index（D）were 2.33，0.75 and 2.18 respectively in spring，and 1.69，0.57 and 1.76 respectively in autumn．（4）Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling（NMDS）and hierarchical clustering（CLUSTER）analysis revealed that spring fish communities could be classified into three groups at a 40％ similarity level，while autumn communities could be divided into three groups at a 30％ similarity level，with higher within- season similarity observed in spring．（5）The abundance/biomass comparison（ABC）curves indicated a higher degree of disturbance in the fish community during autumn compared to spring．The study showed that the fish species in the Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve are dominated by warm-temperate and warm-water species；the seasonal replacement of dominant species is obvious；and there are seasonal and regional differences in biodiversity specifically， biodiversity is higher in spring than in autumn，with a tendency for biodiversity indices to increase as water depth increases. |
| Key words: Fish Biodiversity Community structure Nanji Island National Marine Nature Reserve |
